孔庙旅游景点的介绍 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文

导读：孔庙旅游景点的介绍 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文 1. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文 2. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文版 3. 孔庙的英文导游词 4. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文作文 5. 关于孔庙的英文介绍 6. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文翻译 7. 英文介绍中国历史景点 8. 中国旅游景点介绍英文

1. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文

Temple of Confucius or Confucian Temple is a temple devoted to the cult of Confucius and the sages and philosophers of Confucianism. Confucian temples are variously known as Confucian Temples (孔庙), Temples of Literature or Culture (文庙), or Temples of the Sage (圣庙). Some are also known as "Fuzi Miao" (夫子庙), after Confucius's unLatinised Chinese name: "Kong Fuzi" (孔夫子) or "Master Kong".

History

The largest and oldest Temple of Confucius is found in Confucius's hometown, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province. It was established in 478 BCE, one year after Confucius's death, at the order of the Duke Ai of the State of Lu, who commanded that the Confucian residence should be used to worship and offer sacrifice to Confucius. The temple was expanded repeatedly over a period of more than 2,000 years until it became the huge complex currently standing.

The development of state temples devoted to the cult of Confucius was an outcome of his gradual canonisation. In 195 BC, Han Gao Zu, founder of the Han Dynasty (r. 206–195 BCE), offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Confucius at his tomb in Qufu. Sacrifices to the spirit of Confucius and that of Yan Hui, his most prominent disciple, began in the Imperial University (Biyong) as early as 241.

In 454, the first state Confucian temple was built by the Liu Song dynasty of south China (420 to 479). In 489, the Northern Wei constructed a Confucian temple in the capital, the first outside of Qufu in the north. In 630, the Tang dynasty decreed that schools in all provinces and counties should have a Confucian temple, as a result of which temples spread throughout China. Well-known Confucian shrines include the Confucian Temple in Xi'an (now the Forest of Steles), the Fuzi Miao in Nanjing, and the Confucian temple in Beijing, first built in 1302.

In addition to Confucian temples associated with the state cult of Confucius, there were also ancestral temples belonging to the Kong lineage, buildings commemorating Confucius's deeds throughout China, and private temples within academies.

Structure

Most Confucianist temples were built in Confucian schools, either to the front of or on one side of the school. The front portal of the temple was called the Lingxing Gate (棂星门). Inside there were normally three courtyards, although sometimes there were only two. However, the complex in Qufu has nine courtyards. The main building, situated in the inner courtyard with entry via the Dachengmen (大成门), was usually known as the Dachengdian (大成殿), variously translated as "Hall of Great Achievement", "Hall of Great Accomplishment", or "Hall of Great Perfection". This hall housed the Confucius Ancestral Tablet and those of other important masters and sages. In front of the Dachengdian was the Apricot Pavilion or Xingtan (杏坛). Another important building was the Shrine of the Great Wise Men (Chongshengci 崇圣祠), which honoured the ancestors of Confucius.

Unlike Daoist or Buddhist temples, Confucian temples do not normally have images. In the early years of the temple in Qufu, it appears that the spirits of Confucius and his disciples were represented with wall paintings and clay or wooden statues. Official temples also contained images of Confucius himself. However, there was opposition to this practice, which was seen as imitative of Buddhist temples. It was also argued and that the point of the imperial temples was to honour Confucius's teachings, not the man himself.

The lack of unity in likenesses in statues of Confucius first led Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty to decree that all new Confucian temples should contain only memorial tablets and no images. In 1530, it was decided that all existing images of Confucius should be replaced with memorial tablets in imperial temples in the capital and other bureaucratic locations, a rule still followed today. However, statues remained in temples operated by Confucius's family descen dants, such as that in Qufu.

Worship

The state cult of Confucius centred upon offering sacrifices to Confucius's spirit in the Confucian temple.

A dance known as the Eight-Row Dance, consisting of eight columns of eight dancers each, was also performed. Originally this was a Six-Row Dance, as performed for the lesser aristocracy, but in 1477 Confucius was allowed the imperial honour of the eight-row dance since he posthumously received the title of king.

In addition to worshipping Confucius, Confucian temples also honoured the "Four Correlates" (四配), the "Twelve Philosophers" (十二哲), and other disciples and Confucian scholars through history. The composition and number of figures worshipped changed and grew through time. Since temples were a statement of Confucian orthodoxy, the issue of which Confucians to enshrine was a controversial one.

By the Republican period (20th century), there were a total of 162 figures worshipped. The Four Correlates include Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji, and Mencius. The Twelve Philosophers are Min Zijian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong, Cai Wo, Zi-gong, Ran You, Zi-Lu, Zi-You, Zi-Xia, Zi-Zhang, You Ruo, and Zhu Xi. A list of disciples of Confucius and their place in the Confucian temple can be found at Disciples of Confucius.

Van Mieu, VietnamConfucian temples outside China

With the spread of Confucian learning throughout East Asia, Confucian temples were also built in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. Starting in the 18th century, some were even built in Europe and the Americas. At their height, there are estimated to have been over 3,000 Confucian temples in existence.

The earliest recorded Confucian Temple in Vietnam is the Temple of Literature or Van Mieu in Hanoi, established in 1070. After 1397, with the construction of schools throughout Vietnam under the Tran, Confucian temples began to spread throughout the country. Well known Confucian temples were built in Hue, Hoi An, Hai Duong, and An Ninh.

Outside China, the largest number of Confucian temples is found in Korea. Temples were first built during the Goryeo period. In the time of Yi Seonggye, it was decreed that Confucian temples should be built in all areas of the nation. Although Chinese models were followed, variations in layout and construction were common, such as the building of schools in front of temples. Korea also added its own scholars (the eighteen scholars of the East) to the Confucian pantheon.

Historically, Korea had a total of 362 temples devoted to the cult of Confucius. After World War II and the division of the country, those in the north were converted to other uses. However, many of the 232 temples in the south continued their activities. In addition to temples devoted to the cult of Confucius, the Republic of Korea also has twelve Confucian family temples, two temples in private schools, and three libraries.

Confucian temples (孔子庙 kōshi-byō) were also widely built in Japan, often in conjunction with Confucian schools. The most famous is the Yushima Seido, built in 1630 during the Edo period as a private school connected with the Neo-Confucianist scholar Hayashi Razan. Originally built in Shinobi-ga-oka in Ueno, it was later moved to Yushima (Ochanomizu) by the Tokugawa Shogunate and reopened as a school of Confucianism to spread the teachings of the Hayashi school.

Other well known Confucian temples are found in Nagasaki, Bizen (Okayama prefecture), Taku (Saga prefecture), and Naha (Okinawa prefecture).

Confucian temples are also found in Indonesia, where they are often known as "Churches of Confucius" as Confucianism is a recognised religion in that country. The largest and oldest is the Boen Bio in Surabaya, originally built in the city's Chinatown in 1883 and moved to a new site in 1907. There are reportedly more than 100 Confucianist litang (礼堂, halls of worship) throughout Indonesia.

2. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文版

Confucius temple, located in qufu of shandong province in the south gate, b uilt in 478 BC in the early, is first sacrifice to Confucius temple。

Confucius temple built to the specifications of the palace, is one of China's three largest ancient architectural complexes, and the world more than 2000 model and appraisal of the Confucius temple, occupies an important place in the world's architectural history。

Qufu Confucian temple is the worship of Confucius, this temple, covers an area of about 95000 square meters。

Said to Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, in the second year (478 years BC) after the death of Confucius, lu 6 will be the house into a temple

3. 孔庙的英文导游词

Zhanjiang Confucius Temple is located in Suixi, Zhanjiang. Suixi Confucian Temple, formerly known as Xuegong, was built in the Song Dynasty. It is as famous as the Confucian Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. It is large in scale and can be reached by a variety of means of transportation.

4. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文作文

今天是个好天气，一大早，我们一家高高兴兴地去大成桥游玩。

我们沿着宽阔整洁的大成路往南走，远远地看见大成桥桥头上矗立着的两座高塔，两条走廊盘踞在大桥两边，恰似两条腾飞的巨龙。走上桥后，走廊里那雕刻精美、栩栩如生的“孔子圣迹图”让你不得不佩服雕匠们的精湛工艺。站在大成桥上往下看，宽阔的河面波光粼粼。河岸上有许多翠绿的柳树，几个别致的六角凉亭点缀在那里。瞧，晨练的人们有的在跑步，有的在打太极拳，有的在打羽毛球，还有的……在享受生活的同时，也为这宁静的清晨增添了几分活力。往南看，是高大雄伟的荷花瓣似的会展中心。往北看，是林立的高楼大厦，宽阔笔直的大成路直通向孔庙。这是一幅多么美丽的画卷呀! 我们来到桥下，从侧面看，大成桥威武地横跨在大沂河上。大成桥是一座九拱桥，每两个桥洞之间都有一幅雕像，雕刻的是代表金、石、土、革、丝、竹、匏、木“八音”的古代乐器。桥洞正上面雕刻的是一种凶猛贪婪的怪兽，叫“饕餮”，传说是“龙生九子”之一，因为它能吃能喝，人们希望当洪水来临时它能把洪水喝掉，确保大桥安全。我还惊喜地发现，每个桥墩上都趴着一只可爱的动物，原来它叫“趴蝮”，也是“龙生九子”之一，喜欢玩水。你看它那摇头晃脑顽皮的样子，好像马上要跳进河里洗澡一样。当我来到河边时，我一眼就从清澈的河水里发现了几条快活的小鱼在追逐打闹。远处的水面上，几只说不清名字的水鸟在自由自在地嬉戏着。大成桥已经成为曲阜又一个壮美的景点。我的家乡真是越来越美丽了! 点评: 写景的文章不少，但是能写出一个地方的文化韵味不是那么简单。小作者慧眼独具，抓住了曲阜这个地方的特色，这个儒家文化的发祥地在“大成桥”这一传承传统文化又不乏现代气息的建筑上又有了新时代的气息彰显。值得一提的还有作者能抓住主要，顾及其余，一幅生活的画卷也描绘出来。

5. 关于孔庙的英文介绍

Confucius temple, located in qufu of shandong province in the south gate, built in 478 BC in the early, is first sacrifice to Confucius temple。

Confucius temple built to the specifications of the palace, is one of China's three largest ancient architectural complexes, and the world more than 2000 model and appraisal of the Confucius temple, occupies an important place in the world's architectural history。

Qufu Confucian temple is the worship of Confucius, this temple, covers an area of about 95000 square meters。

Said to Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, in the second year (478 years BC) after the death of Confucius, lu 6 will be the house into a temple

6. 孔庙旅游景点的介绍英文翻译

Confucian temple, also called to the Confucian temple , is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place. The Confucian temple with Beijing's Imperial Palace, the Hebei Chende city summer vacation mountain village and calls Chinese three big ancient architectural complexes. The expert delivered four speeches to the Confucian temple: The construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the Eastern construction characteristic is most prominent. Is worthy of looking at two questions from the Confucian temple: One is Kong Zi to Chinese and even the Eastern culture tremendous contribution; Two is China has the skilled craftsman in the history.The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple. Constructs temple three in the Kong Zi former dwelling, exhibits Kong Zi's clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, "when year old offers sacrifices". All previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the Confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale. The Confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 327.5 Chinese acres, long amounts to two Chinese miles 150 meters. Now saw the Confucian temple is the bright Hongzhi year scale. After the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times. Our country first batch announcement nation key cultural relic preservation organ, in December, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the United Nations protected, Confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.

7. 英文介绍中国历史景点

井冈山英文导游词

　　Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you

　　We first came to the main - the finger peak of the jinggang mountains. It has five peaks just like five fingers. Five peaks refers to the peak in CiPing six kilometers to the southwest, is 1586 meters above sea level. Waterfall scenic hills overlapping peaks, ravines crossbar, exhibition chain, especially rich plant and animal species, is a mountain, water, forests, caves, birds and animals of the original dark show scenic spots.

　　To the left of the nozzle in the finger peak and CiPing nine kilometers. Where there are beautiful scenery, fresh air, especially in quxi rhododendron forest valley, bitan overlapping peaks, and to win. Attractions shuikou river valley, Taurus paddle, hundred fold springs, rainbow organ (dragon), lock longtan waterfall, hidden rock star, longmen, etc. Organ is one of the most spectacular is the dragon, dragon waterfall waterfall from more than 70 meters of cloth of cascades down, line became the impact of water flow. I will take you visit here, see you next time!

8. 中国旅游景点介绍英文

The Yellow Mountain (黄山）

The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountians in China.It lies in the south of the Anhui. Every year thousands of Chinses and foreigners pay a visit there. It's not far from here. It takes you get there by bus. You can also go there by train or by plane. While you are climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of the clouds, wonderous pines and unique rocks aroud you. In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful. It's really a nice place to visit.

大意： 位于安徽省南部,是中国著名的旅游胜地.每年有大批的中国游客和外国游客前去观光旅游.可以乘汽车,也可以乘火车或飞机去.登山便可以领略云海,奇松,怪石等秀丽的风景及其清晨美丽的日出.

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